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All About the Football Official

The Football Officials Are Essential In Football Play and here is who they are and what they do.

Football play is supervised by impartial officials. Professional football and major college football programs use seven football officials: a referee, an umpire, a linesman, a field judge, a back judge, a line judge, and a side judge. The football official carry a whistle and yellow penalty flags. They blow the whistles or throw the flags to indicate that an infraction of the rules has been committed during the game of football. The referee is in charge of the game at all levels of play. The referee supervises the other officials, decides on all matters not under other officials specific jurisdiction, and enforces penalties. The referee indicates when the ball is dead (out of play) and when it may again be put into play, and uses hand signals to indicate specific decisions and penalties. The football umpire makes decisions on questions concerning the football players' equipment, their conduct, and their positioning. The principal duty of the linesman is to mark the position of the ball at the end of each play. The linesman has assistants who measure distances gained or lost, using a device consisting of two vertical markers connected by a chain or cord 10 yd (9 m) long. The linesman must particularly watch for violations of the rule requiring players to remain in certain positions before the ball is put into play. The field judge times the football game, using a stopwatch for this purpose. In some cases, the football stadium scoreboard has a clock that is considered official.